Nonlinear Model Predictive Control with Probabilistic Models

نویسندگان

  • Felix Schmitt
  • Jan Peters
  • Stefan Ulbrich
  • Marc Peter Deisenroth
چکیده

Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) is a powerful control framework, which strongly relies on a good model of the system dynamics. In the case, such a model is not available apriori, non-parametric regression using Bayesian regression or Gaussian Processes (GPs) have been shown promising in inferring the dynamics from collected data. An advantage of Bayesian methods and GPs over other regression methods is the availability of a predictive distribution expressing the uncertainty about the true function induced by the finite amount of observations. Although recent work indicates that propagation of this uncertainty can be used to design robust controllers, it has not been considered in NMPC yet. This thesis presents an approach to robust Semi-Implicit NMPC of Bayesian linear models and Gaussian Process dynamics subject to control constraints. The propagation of the uncertainty is done by means of the Moment-Matching (MM) technique to track the central moments of the state distribution and a recent approximation framework is used for fast online NMPC. Although the approach has several advantages from a theoretical perspective, its performance on a highly nonlinear benchmark system is worse than expected. Several possible sources for the degradation are investigated and discussed. Zusammenfassung Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) ist eine mächtige Methode der Steuerung und Regelung. Diese setzt allerdings ein gutes Modell des Systemverhaltens voraus. Wenn ein solches Modell nicht verfügbar ist, können Verfahren der nicht-parametrischen Regressionsschätzung, besonders Gaussian Processes (GPs), erfolgreich eingesetzt werden um das Systemverhalten aus Beobachtungen zu schätzen. Bayes’sche Modelle und Gaussian Processes zeichnen sich gegenüber anderen Methoden dadurch aus, dass sie die Möglichkeit bieten mittels einer Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung die Unsicherheit in der Vorhersage, bei einer möglicherweise geringen Anzahl von Beobachtungen, zu quantifizieren. Obwohl in aktuellen Veröffentlichungen bereits gezeigt werden konnte, dass mithilfe der Fortpflanzung dieser Verteilung über Zeit robuste Regler entworfen werden können, wurde diese Methode bisher noch nicht in NMPC verwendet. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Ansatz zur Semi-Impliziten NMPC von Bayes’schen lineare Modellen sowie Gaussian Processes bei zusätzlichen Steuerungsbeschränkungen vorgestellt. Die Unsicherheit wird hierbei durch die Moment Matching (MM) Technik fortgesetzt, während die Online-Steuerung durch ein modernes Approximationsverfahren erfolgt. Obwohl der vorgestellte Algorithmus von theoretischer Seite vielversprechend ist, zeigte sich die tatsächliche Regelungsqualität auf einem nichtlinearen Testsystem als schlechter als erwartet. Die möglichen Ursachen für das schlechte Abschneiden werden deshalb dargestellt und diskutiert.

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تاریخ انتشار 2013